When people think of Japan, they often picture ancient temples, delicate sushi, or cherry blossoms in full bloom. But for many travelers, one of the first surprises upon arriving in Japan is something far more everyday: the toilets. More than just a necessary stop, using a Japanese toilet can be a technological, cultural, and even social experience.
What types of toilets will you find in Japan?
In Japan, you’ll encounter three main types of toilets. Some will look familiar… others, not so much.
Traditional Japanese toilets
Also known as washiki toire (和式トイレ), these squat toilets were common throughout Japan until the 1960s. They consist of a ceramic trough set into the floor, with no seat.
- How they work: You squat facing the porcelain panel. It might feel strange for many Western travelers.
- Where to find them: Rural areas, older train stations, schools, temples, and public buildings that haven’t been renovated.
- Pros: Seen as more hygienic (no skin contact) and better for digestion.
- Cons: Uncomfortable, especially if you have knee problems.
In public restrooms with multiple stalls, there’s often a mix of squat-style and Western-style toilets.
Western-style toilets
These are the familiar sit-down toilets with a manual flush, and sometimes a small sink built into the tank (more on that later).
- Where to find them: In older homes, some schools, and low-traffic public buildings.
- Fun fact: In Japanese homes, the toilet is often located in a separate room from the bath or sink area.
That said, traditional Western toilets are increasingly rare, as they’re often replaced by something much more advanced...
The washlet: Japan’s famous high-tech toilet
The Washlet (ウォシュレット) is the undisputed star of Japanese bathrooms. First introduced by the brand TOTO in 1980, these electronic bidet-toilets quickly became a household staple.
Common features include:
- Rear cleansing water spray
- Front bidet spray for women
- Adjustable water temperature and pressure
- Heated seat
- Auto-flush
- Warm air dryer
- Built-in deodorizer
- Ambient sounds to cover noise
Some high-end models even offer urine analysis, automatic lid opening and smartphone controls.
Why has Japan innovated so much in toilet technology?
There are several reasons behind Japan’s passion for comfortable, high-tech restrooms:
- A deep-rooted culture of cleanliness, even in schools
- A society that embraces everyday automation and robotics
- A strong value on privacy and discretion
- A love of gadgets and home comfort
So why don’t we all have washlets at home?
There are a few obstacles that make Washlets harder to adopt outside Japan:
- Hard water issues: Japan’s soft water doesn’t clog the bidet nozzles. In places like France or the U.S., mineral build-up would require frequent maintenance.
- Plumbing challenges: Washlets need a power source and a specific water pressure. Installing one in an older home might mean major renovations.
- Cost: A good Washlet runs between €800 and €1500 in France, not including installation. In Japan, mass production makes them much more affordable.
What about toilet paper?
Even though the water jets replace wiping, toilet paper is still used to dry off.
- Paper goes straight into the toilet unless otherwise indicated (some rural areas still provide bins).
- The paper is very thin, and can easily fall apart. Don’t expect plush, triple-ply sheets!
Other unique features in Japanese toilets
Toilet slippers
In Japanese homes, shoes come off at the entrance—and in some homes, special slippers are used just for the bathroom.
Here’s how it works:
- You wear indoor slippers around the house.
- Before entering the bathroom, you switch to the toilet slippers placed at the door.
- Afterward, leave the toilet slippers in the bathroom and put your regular slippers back on.
This tradition stems from Japan’s view of purity: the bathroom is considered an "impure" space that shouldn’t spread its germs to the rest of the house.
Sink-on-top toilet tanks
In traditional homes or budget hotels, you might spot a small sink built into the toilet tank.
When you flush, water flows into the little basin so you can wash your hands—then that same water is reused to refill the tank. It’s an eco-friendly, clever, and very Japanese solution.
Where can you find toilets in Japan (and are they clean)?
Everywhere. Really.
You’ll find restrooms in:
- Train and subway stations (usually after the ticket gates)
- Shopping centers
- Public parks
- Supermarkets and cafés
- Most conbini (convenience stores), though not all
You might not find toilets in small, local restaurants, but staff will usually direct you to the nearest public restroom.
And cleanliness?
Japanese toilets are famously clean, even in train stations and highway rest areas. You’ll rarely find bad smells, dirty floors or paper strewn about.
Are public toilets in Japan Free?
Yes! Unlike other modern countries, you’ll never need to pay or enter a code to use public toilets in Japan. They are always free.
Accessibility: toilets for everyone
Japan is impressively equipped for all kinds of users:
- Wheelchair-accessible stalls with grab bars and space to maneuver
- Changing tables in public restrooms
- Kid-friendly toilets with low seats and cheerful designs
