Located in Kagoshima Prefecture, in the south of Kyûshû island, Sakurajima (桜島) is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Almost constantly erupting, this impressive stratovolcano towers over Kagoshima Bay with dramatic plumes of smoke, creating a mesmerizing contrast with the calm of the sea.
What is the origin of Sakurajima volcano?
Sakurajima was formed around 13,000 years ago during the creation of the Aira Caldera (姶良カルデラ), a massive volcanic depression about 17 kilometers in diameter located beneath Kagoshima Bay. Since then, the volcano has cycled between quiet periods and intense eruptions.
The name "Sakurajima" (桜島) means "cherry blossom island," as the area was once covered in wild cherry trees (sakura). Although Sakurajima has been physically connected to the mainland since 1914, locals still affectionately refer to it as an island.
What are the peaks of Sakurajima?
Sakurajima has three main peaks:
- Kitadake (北岳): 1,117 meters, the highest point of the volcano, dormant for thousands of years.
- Nakadake (中岳): 1,060 meters, also inactive.
- Minamidake (南岳): 1,040 meters, currently the active summit.
The great eruption of 1914
On January 12, 1914, Sakurajima erupted explosively in what became Japan’s most powerful eruption of the 20th century. For several days, massive lava flows poured into the sea.
This eruption had major consequences:
- Pre-eruption earthquakes caused widespread building collapses.
- Over 23 million tons of lava were released.
- The lava flows connected Sakurajima to the mainland, turning it into a peninsula.
- Several villages were completely buried.
- Around 100 lives were lost.
- Volcanic ash reached as far as Tôkyô, over 1,000 kilometers away.
Near-Constant Activity Since 1955
Since 1955, Sakurajima has been in a state of near-continuous eruption. It regularly emits ash columns, smoke, and small explosions.
Because of its activity level, Sakurajima is one of the most closely monitored volcanoes on Earth. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classifies it as a Type A volcano, meaning it requires constant observation.
Is it safe to visit Sakurajima?
Yes, as long as you follow local safety guidelines. Japan has an extremely rigorous disaster management system:
- The volcano is monitored in real-time by the JMA and Kyoto University.
- Public access zones are regularly updated according to the alert level (ranging from 1 to 5).
- Concrete eruption shelters are scattered across the peninsula, with multilingual signage.
- Multilingual alerts are sent directly to mobile phones via the J-Alert system.
The official Kagoshima site typically reports an alert level between 2 and 3. You can visit the outer areas, but access within 2 kilometers of the crater is strictly prohibited.
How Does Sakurajima's Evacuation Plan Work?
About 4,000 people still live on the Sakurajima peninsula. Their safety is ensured by an organized and regularly tested evacuation system:
- Continuous scientific monitoring using seismic sensors, cameras, drones, and satellites.
- Clear zoning: the peninsula is divided into zones A to D, each with specific evacuation protocols.
- Emergency ferries: three ferries are on standby at all times to transport residents to downtown Kagoshima.
- Regular evacuation drills to keep residents prepared.
- Immediate alerts via SMS and public loudspeakers.
If the alert level rises to 5, a full evacuation is triggered. This happened in August 2015 for part of the population, with no casualties.
What to see and do at Sakurajima ?
Despite its activity, Sakurajima remains a stunning natural site that's open to visitors.
You can download the official Sakurajima map to help plan your visit. A tourist bus makes it easy to get around the main spots, and detailed maps are displayed throughout the island.
Hike along ancient lava flows
The Nagisa Lava Trail (溶岩なぎさ遊歩道) is an easy, flat 3-kilometer path along the solidified lava from the 1914 eruption. It's accessible for all ages and perfect for a family walk.
Spectacular views at Yunohira Observatory
The Yunohira Observatory (湯之平展望所) sits at 373 meters above sea level and is the closest point you can reach to the active crater.
You can get there by taking the Sakurajima Island View Bus or walking (about 1.5 hours from the ferry terminal).
Relax at the Nagisa Foot Bath Park
The Nagisa Foot Bath Park (なぎさ公園足湯) offers a free, natural hot spring foot bath. A perfect way to unwind after a hike !
Taste Local Specialties
- Sakurajima daikon (桜島大根): giant radishes, holding the world record at 45 kg.
- Sakurajima komikan (桜島小みかん): tiny, sweet, and aromatic mandarins.
You’ll find these ingredients in local dishes, juices, jams, desserts, and more.
How to get to Sakurajima
Even though it's connected to the mainland, the most convenient way to reach Sakurajima is by ferry from Kagoshima.
Access from JR Kagoshima-Chûô Station
- Take the tram (Line 2), a bus, or simply walk to the Kagoshima Ferry Terminal (桜島フェリーターミナル).
Board the Sakurajima Ferry
- Departures every 10 to 15 minutes, 24/7
- Duration: about 15 minutes
- Fare: 250 yen (~1.60€), not covered by the JR Pass
How to get Around Sakurajima
Since the island is quite large, the Sakurajima Island View Bus offers regular loops around the major attractions.
For convenience, get the one-day bus pass for 500 yen (~3.5€).
Where to Stay on Sakurajima
Spending the night on Sakurajima is a truly unique experience — you’ll hear the earth rumble beneath you!
- Luxury : SHIROYAMA HOTEL kagoshima - 4-star hotel on a hill with onsen and views of Sakurajima (~200€ per night)
- Milieu de gamme : Henn na Hotel Kagoshima Tenmonkan - 4-star hotel where you are greeted by holograms! (~100€ per night)
- Economique : Hotel Sunflex Kagoshima - 4-star hotel on the edge of the city center (~70€ per night)
Where to View Sakurajima from Kagoshima City
Even without crossing the bay, you can enjoy breathtaking views of the volcano from Kagoshima:
- Shiroyama Observatory (城山展望所): full panorama of the city, bay, and Sakurajima, best at sunrise.
- Sengan-en Garden (仙巌園): former Shimazu clan estate with stunning views of Sakurajima as a backdrop.
- Kagoshima Bay Promenade: a beautiful coastal walkway, perfect for an evening stroll.
